Methods Phipps MedicalSurgical Nursing Health and Illness Perspectives 8e

nursing Detail Info: Mainly used for making incisions with surgical scissors for laparoscopic trocars.

Traina AD, Gour NM, Traina TM. The use of the standardized patient in chiropractic education (Commentary). J of Manipulative Physiol Ther 1994;17:489-98.

Within the health sciences in the past decade there have been numerous innovations in educational principles and practice. In chiropractic, most of the teaching institutions are involved in curriculum reform. Key innovations include the move to problem-based learning, self-directed learning, computer-assisted learning, the use of standardized patients, and the use of objective structured clinical examinations (Adams, 1991; Traina, 1994).

Unlike most public- and private-sector institutions of higher learning, limited external education and research funding have hindered chiropractic institutional development thereby contributing to excessive tuition dependence. Recent Federal initiatives focusing on developing and prioritizing research within the chiropractic profession have highlighted this issue, emphasizing the need for directed educational research and faculty development (Adams, 1997). A number of chiropractic schools are well aware of the challenges confronting their programs and attempts are under way to fund innovative

Wardwell WI. Chiropractic: History and Evolution of a New Profession. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Year Book, 1992.

Table 6. Average Total Contact Hours in Specific clinical Subjects Taught in 16 Chiropractic Colleges (Includes lectures and laboratories).

JAMA. medical schools in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association 1995;274(9):745-52.

Table 9. Comparisons of the Overall Curriculum Structure for Chiropractic and medical Schools

Nursing concepts clinical practice surgical phipps perspectives medicalsurgical health illness phipps' medical